CO2 emissions in BAM’s value chain are of a completely different order of magnitude than the CO2 emissions from our own operations: our total scope 3 emissions are estimated at approximately 1500 kton CO2. In addition, we disclose our full scope 3 inventory annually through our CDP submission. Emissions in our value chain occur upstream, through the production of carbon intensive construction materials such as concrete and steel, and downstream, through the energy use of the assets delivered by BAM.
We focus on properly accounting for scope 3 emissions by maintaining regular dialogue with value chain stakeholders to jointly identify opportunities to decarbonise the build environment. We have set the ambition to offer low carbon alternatives to clients, also when this is not explicitly requested. Additional information regarding initiatives to lower BAM's scope 3 footprint are included in the 2025 annual report.